According to one tradition, the Polos were a noble family originating on the coast of Dalmatia. They established themselves in Venice, then the most successful trading state in Europe. Niccolo (Marco's father) and Maffeo (his uncle) were merchants with trading connections with the city of Constantinople in Asia Minor. Little is known about Marco’s early years except that he was probably born in Venice in 1254 and grew up there. He had the usual education of a young gentleman of his time. He learned the classical authors, understood the texts of the Bible and knew the basic beliefs of the Latin Church. He could speak French as well as Italian. From what we know of him later, he had a keen eye for observation and a curiosity about the natural world, as well as the customs and traditions of other cultures.
Marco Polo was only six years old when his father and uncle set out eastward on their first trip to Cathay (China). He was 15 when his father and uncle returned to Venice and his mother had already passed away. He remained in Venice with his father and uncle for two more years and then the three of them embarked on their famous journey.
Learn more:
Marco Polo: From Venice to Xanadu
Marco Polo and the realm of Kublai Khan